Mexican Drug Cartels Expand Under "Hugs, Not Bullets" Policy

Gangs affiliated with Mexico’s two largest drug cartels—battling to the death over market share—have grown in number and influence since President Andrés Manuel López Obrador took office in 2018. He eased up under a policy he called “hugs, not bullets.” Arrests by Mexico’s national guard, created under López Obrador to replace federal police, fell to 2,800 in 2022 from 21,700 in 2018, according to the national statistics agency.

More than 200 criminal gangs are engaged in turf wars compared with 76 in 2010, according to the International Crisis Group, a Brussels-based think tank that studies violent conflicts worldwide. Most of the disputes involve the Sinaloa or Jalisco cartels, among the world’s largest criminal organizations and the top traffickers of fentanyl—the low-cost, high-margin synthetic opioid that kills tens of thousands of Americans a year.

Criminal gangs behind the U.S. drug epidemic are seeing accelerated growth, commanding greater control over more territory in Mexico, where they are largely free to murder rivals, neuter police, seize property and strong-arm municipalities into giving them public contracts.

In December, farmers from a village in the state of Mexico attacked local cartel members with machetes and sickles, revolting against demands they each pay as much as $600 to work their own land, authorities said. The fight killed 10 gang members and four farmers.